the direct annual losses. The indirect losses caused by discouragement 

 of the swine-raising industry amounts to equally as much as the direct 

 losses. 



If cholera was not dreaded, it is quite probable that instead of only 

 1,386,050 head of swine, Tennessee would be producing at least 3,000,- 

 000 head. Many farmers who are now raising only a few hogs each 

 year would raise many if cholera was not feared. I know of at least 

 one breeder who stated to me that he had tried hard to raise two hun- 

 dred hogs a year, and that "cholera wiped them out at least two years 

 out of every five." Sometime ago he took it upon himself to investi- 

 gate the efficiency of the Dorset-Niles Anti-Hog-Cholera Serum. 

 After investigating, he was impressed with its merits and later stated 

 that instead of trying to raise two hundred hogs a year he expected 

 in the future to raise one thousand, and that he expected to make it 

 a point to know that each one of them was an immune. 



History of the Disease. 



The first outbreak of hog cholera about which we have any authentic 

 data occurred in the State of Ohio in the year 1833. Since that time 

 it has spread to every State in the Union and throughout almost every 

 European country. Its first occurrence in England was in 1862, where 

 it has since appeared from year to year, causing in one year (1896) 

 the loss of as high as 30 per cent of all swine in that country. It ap- 

 peared in Sweden in 1887; Denmark in 1889, at which time it also made 

 its first appearance in France. It reached Hungary in 1895. The losses 

 in these foreign countries appear to be equally as heavy as those in 

 the United States. There has been only a very few outbreaks of hog 

 cholera in Canada, hence Canadian laws in regard to importation of 

 swine from the United States are very rigid, as the authorities there 

 hope by this means to prevent cholera gaining a foothold in Canada. 



Susceptibility of Breeds. 



Although some breeds have been lauded and advertised as being 

 "immune to cholera," I have no hesitancy in stating that all breeds 

 are about equally susceptible, the "mule-foot hog" not excepted. 



Pigs after weaning and young shoats are more susceptible than 

 the older hogs. 



Our old friend the "razor-back" is just as susceptible to cholera 

 as is the Poland China, Berkshire, Hampshire, Duroc Jersey, York- 

 shire or Tamworth. No. breed will withstand the onslaught of cholera 

 infection 



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