MOUNTED. 47 



reins, which are adjusted so as to hold the head in the 

 proper position. The cavesson is a broad leather band, 

 stiffened with iron, which is fastened around the nose 

 just where the cartilage joins the bone, so that a tug 

 upon it causes great pain, and will bring anything but 

 determined vice to submission. These appliances are 

 usually only the resort of laziness or ignorance, for none 

 of them can for a moment compare with the human 

 hand ; and in fact they effect no saving in time, for it 

 is not safe to leave a horse a minute alone with a dumb- 

 jockey on his back, as he may rear and fall over back- 

 ward at the risk of his life. The writer knew of an 

 accident of this kind which ended the victim's useful- 

 ness in the saddle, and he has seen a strong and proud 

 horse sweat profusely, with the thermometer at ten de- 

 grees below the freezing point, while being lunged, i.e., 

 driven an a ring, with a dumb-jockey on. 



