138 HORSEMANSHIP FOR WOMEN. 



Girth (30, 30). — Gives approximately the capacity of the lungs. 



Heel. — Should not to be too high or contracted, that is, drawn to- 

 gether. 



Hip. — Should be broad, with powerful muscles. 



Hip-joint (20). — Is not always easily discovered by an amateur. 



Hock (25). — One of the most important of the points of the horse; 

 should be large, clean — that is, without any rough protuberances on 

 the bone — flat, and " with a good clean point standing clear of the 

 rest of the joint." 



Hoof. — Deep, like a cup; not flat, like a saucer, 



Jaw. — Should be wide up toward the socket, to give room for 

 windpipe, and permit of a graceful carriage of head. 



Knee. — Can hardly be too large. Looked at from in front, should 

 appear much wider than the leg, and should stretch out backward 

 into a sharp edge, called the pisiform-bone. 



Loins (17). — Broad, muscular, and arched slightly upward. 



Lower Thigh,— See " Gaskin " (23). 



Mane. — When thick and coarse, indicates inferior blood. 



Muzzle (4). — Should be small, but with large nostril. A coarse 

 muzzle indicates low breeding. 



Nostril. — Open and prominent. 



Pastern (13). — The short oblique bone between the fetlock and 

 hoof. Should not be straighter than sixty, nor lower than forty-five 

 degrees to the ground. 



Pastern-joint (12). — Same as fetlock- joint. 



Pisiform-bone (16). — At the back of the knee. 



Point of the Hock (26). 



Point of the Shoulder (29). — The lower end of the shoulder-blade, 

 to which is jointed the true arm. 



Poll.— The top of the head. 



Quarters (21).— Should be muscular. 



Bibs. — Should be well arched, and come up close to the hip. 



Shoulder (7, 7). — Should be long and oblique. 



Spavin Place (27). — Should be free from bony enlargement. 



Stifle-joint (24). — Corresponds to the human knee. 



