25 



ent parts of the world. In Germany the rope shoe (a malleable-iron 

 shoe with a groove in its ground surface in which lies a piece of tarred 



Fig. 9. — An acute-angled left fore hoof shod with a bar shoe. Note the width and position of the 

 bar and the fact that the nails are placed well toward the toe, so as not to interfere with the 

 expansion of the quarters. 



rope) is extensively used with most gratifying results. It is cheap, 

 durable, easily applied, and effective. 



Fig. 10. — A fairly formed right fore ice shoe for a roadster. The toe and outer-heel calks cut at right 

 angles, and the inner heel calk is slender and blunt. The back surface of the toe calk should be 

 perpendicular. 



In the large cities of England and the United States rubber pads are 

 extensively used. They are rather expensive, but are quite efficient 

 in preventing slipping" on polished and gummy pavements, though not 



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