34 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



ridden without any shoes, and the Cossacks' on the banks 

 of the Ja'ik, he adds, are never shod.' 



Of the evil effects of prolonged marches, and conse- 

 quent excessive wear of the undefended hoofs in the 

 Greek armies, we find casual mention now and again in 

 the early historians. Diodorus Siculus (b.c. 44) in one of 

 his volumes, when describing the victories of Alexander, 

 states that 'the hoofs of the horses, through ceaseless 

 journeying, had been worn away, and the materiel of 

 war was used up.' ' 



And Cinnamus speaks in the same strain of the war 

 in Attalia. ' He ordered them to await the rest of the 

 army in Attalia, and to look after the horses, for a disease 

 to which they are liable had attacked their hoofs, and had 

 done serious hurt.'^ 



In the account which Appian gives of the victory 

 achieved by Lucullus over Mithridates, King of Pontus, 

 at the siege of Cyzicum (b.c 73), we find that Mithri- 

 dates sent part of his cavalry back to Bithynia, such as 

 were useless, feeble from want of forage, and footsore or 

 lame in consequence of their hoofs being worn out {xou 



This description has been differently given by H. 

 Stephanus (edit. Stephanus, 1592, p. 22,1), and this has 



' Diod. Siculus, lib. xvii. cap. 94, p. 233. Edit. Weissilingii. 

 * Equorum ungulae propter itinera nunquam remissa detritae et armorum 

 pleraque absumptae erant.' 



' Edit. Tollii Traject. ad Rhenum, 1825. Lib. iv. p. 194. 'Caeteras 

 copias manere in Attalia et equos curare jussit, nam malam cui est 

 obnoxium equinum genus plantes pedum acciderat, graviterque effi- 

 cerat.' 



3 De Bello Mithrid. p. 371. Edit. Tollii. 



