38 



CHAPTER II. 



THE HORSE WITH THE ROMANS. THEIR CAVALRY. PLINY. CAMEL 

 SHOEING. SILENCE OF ROMAN HIPPIATRISTS IN REGARD TO SHOE- 

 ING. CATO, VARRO, HORACE, VIRGIL, LUCAN, CLAUDIANUS, FITZ- 

 STEPHEN. ROMAN ROADS, AND COURIERS. COLUMELLA, JULIUS 



POLLUX. Diocletian's edict, hoof instruments, apsyrtus, 



PALLADIUS, VEGETIUS RENATUS, RENATUS FLAVIUS. POLYBIUS. 

 CARBATINAI AND EMBATTAI. SOLE^ FERREA. CATULLUS, SCALIGER, 

 SUETONIUS. GOLD AND SILVER SOLEA. EXTRAVAGANCE OF THE 

 ROMANS. CALIGULA, NERO, POPP^A, AND COMMODUS. THEOMNES- 

 TUS. SOLEA SPARTEA, AND THE GLANTE FERREO. HIPPOPODES. 

 CHARIOT-RACING. OPINIONS AS TO THE EXISTENCE OF SHOEING 

 WITH THE ANCIENTS. MONTFAU^ON, WINCKELMANN, FABRETTI, 

 CAMERARIUS, PANCIROLUS, VOSSIUS, PEGGE, SMITH, HEUSINGER, 

 RICH. SUPPOSED NEGATIVE EVIDENCE OF WRITTEN HISTORY 

 AND SCULPTURE. TEMPORARY SHOES AND OTHER EXPEDIENTS 

 TO PRESERVE THE HOOFS IN JAPAN, CHINA, MANILLA, SINGAPORE, 

 ETC. STRAW SHOES. ICELAND AND CENTRAL ASIA. 



The Romans began to use the horse at a very early 

 period, but not with much advantage until seven hundred 

 years after he had been introduced into Greece ; so that 

 the Greeks were well advanced in the management of that 

 animal, and skilled in its employment long before the 

 Romans. For this reason it is that we find much in the 

 writings of the latter that was borrowed from the older 

 civilization ; while their system of equitation and general 

 care of the horse was altogether Grecian. During a long 

 time, and even up to a comparatively late date, the army 



