144 



HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



(Meuse), amongst a heap of tiles with the cliaracteristic 

 border of the period, pottery, cinders, and fuel (fig. 21). 



This shoe had eigJit holes, the 

 wavy margin, and one of its 

 sides so greatly expanded as to 

 cover one-half the sole. This 

 was no doubt a pathological 

 shoe, intended to cover and 

 protect an injured part of the 

 foot, and perhaps also to retain 

 some healing application. Its 

 length is 5^ inches, and width 4 inches. 



In 1848, a shoe identical with the primitive model 

 was found beside a coin of Trajan, in the foundation of 

 a new hospital at Tonnerre, by M. Dormois, a distin- 

 guished archasologist. And the Calvet museum contains 

 a small, wide-covered shoe, with a triangular space between 

 its branches. It was found in clearing away the theatre 

 of Orange, in 1834, on a Roman pavement. 



The remains of Celtic farriery have also been found 

 in Switzerland. In the Canton Vaud, at Chavannes, is a 

 mound named the hillock of Chatelard {motte de CJicite- 

 lard), which M. Troyon, a learned Swiss antiquarian, 

 believed to be a place for sacrifices, for on examining it 

 he found nearly five hundred bones of animals. Among 

 the iron articles discovered in this mound, there were 

 spurs, bridle-bits, and horse-shoes. Tliese last, five in 

 number, are of small dimensions and very primitive work- 

 manship. They have no calkins, and the holes, three on 

 each side, have, as with the shoes of Alesia and elsewhere, 

 distorted the sides of the metal. The nails are thicker in 



