ROMAN CAMPS AND VILLAS. i8i 



the end of the 4th or the commencement of the 5th 

 century. The weight of these fullered shoes amounts to 

 about 265 gram.mes each (about 9^ ounces). 



' These two varieties of shoes are not only met with in 

 Roman establishments, civil and military, but also in the 

 Burgundian tombs of the 5th century, and in ruins of the 

 7th and 8th centuries; as also in the dwellings of the mid- 

 dle ages, and in all the districts over which horses of this 

 epoch have passed. According to all appearances, during 

 the Roman period the people of the country had pre- 

 served the mode of shoeing practised by their ancestors 

 of Celtic origin, and the breed of horses had scarcely in- 

 creased in size; while the Romans, or rather the foreign 

 troops attached to the legions, had imported stronger 

 horses, and employed shoes different from those of our 

 nation. Such is at least the opinion that we derive from 

 the facts and the circumstances accompanying the dis- 

 covery of these articles. We possess some shoes found 

 with a heap of horses' bones, the hoofs of which yet re- 

 mained shod, and which were lighted upon when repair- 

 ing the road from Courtemantruy to Saint-Ursanne, not 

 far from the Roman camps of Moron and Mount Ter- 

 rible (figs. 0^6, 37). Another shoe, almost identical with 

 them, has been gathered in the last-named camp, on the 

 same level with Roman relics (fig. 38). A fragment was 

 also found in the same place (fig. 39), The ruins of 

 the Roman villas of Debilliers and Fourfaivre contained 

 a considerable number of the type represented in figures 

 40 and 41. It would be superfluous to offer any more 

 descriptions or drawings, because in nearly all the Roman 

 sites in the country, shoes of the same, or of slightly dif- 



