THE DRUDEN ALTAR OF IFESTPHALIA. 197 



the Siievian cavalry, under Ariovistus, that the Sequani 

 either fought with or against, in the wars between them 

 and the ^Edui or Romans. 



Colonel Smith, in noticing the universality of horse- 

 shoeing, says for Germany : ' We have seen it sculptured 

 in bas-relief with a Runic inscription certainly as old 

 as the 9th century, accompanying a figure of Ostar, upon 

 a stone found on the Hohenstein, near the Druden altar 

 in Westphalia, a place of Pagan worship that was destroyed 

 by the Franks in the wars of Charlemagne. Had the 

 horse-shoe been invented in that age, it could not already 

 have become an object of mysterious adaptation in the 

 religion of barbarians, which was on the wane at least a 

 century earlier.' ' 



Grosz^ mentions that, in the years 1730, 1744, 1761, 

 and 1820, a somewhat large number of horse-shoes was 

 found at certain places in Bavaria, during excavations. 

 Some of them were very deeply buried, and thickly 

 covered with rust. Though he does not altogether coin- 

 cide in the views of several antiquarians as to the antiquity 

 of these objects, yet his remarks are not without interest, 

 particularly as he describes the different varieties which 

 have been noted in Germany. ' The horse-shoes which 

 have come down to us from remote periods, having been 

 found in several parts of the country at various depths, 

 show in general three essential varieties. 



' Op. cit., p. 131. The horse-shoe arch occurs frequently as a 

 figure on the sculptured stones left by the Celts, and which are found 

 hi England, Scotland, and elsewhere, 



^ Lehr- und Handbuch der Hufbeschlagskunst. Stuttgart, 1861. 



