2 'to HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



^) 



that very long ago there may have been a ford at this 

 place, and that these articles were then lost in the clay 

 by horses in crossing. They are evidently Celtic, or 

 Romano-Celtic, if we compare them with those from the 

 graves in Gaul. Of the three represented, figure 86 is 

 apparently the oldest ; next, figure 85 ; and lastly, figure 

 87. All have been worn; all have the irregularly un- 

 dulating border, the peculiar groove, nail-holes, and cal- 

 kins, and the characteristic nail-heads. Figure 85 is 

 a comparatively large shoe, and figure 87 a small one. 

 They are very thin, and do not exceed \xh. of an inch in 

 thickness. The nails in 85 and 86 have the points turned 

 in a similar manner to those of Silbury Hill ; and figure 

 87 alone appears to have been wrenched off while the 

 horse that wore it was alive. The stalks or bodies of the 

 nails are shorter and more square than we now use them, 

 and the heads are of the semicircular T pattern. The 

 calkins stand about ^th of an inch higher than the shoe.' 



It may be observed, that in the same museum are the 

 remains of a chariot, and the bones of a man, horse, and 

 pig, which were collected in a barrow not far from York ; 

 but I cannot ascertain that any shoes were found. With 

 specimens of Romano-Celtic shoes— that is, of shoes of 

 this pattern found associated with Roman remains — we 

 are more liberally furnished ; for it must be confessed 

 that those which we might at a hazard term ' pre-Roman ' 

 are extremely scarce. 



At Colney, in Norfolk, were discovered Roman urns, 



' I am indebted to A. J. Owles, Esq., Enaiskilling Dragoons, for 

 photographs of these tine specimens. 



