256 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



by the side of the ancient trackway, leading through the 

 British to the Roman camp, the remains of which are 

 still discernible. Being so near the surface of the soil, 

 which is there very thin, and overlying the rock, the 

 iron is very much corroded, but the form of the shoe, 

 which is identical with the other two, is perfect. It is 

 narrower, longer, and heavier than the two specimens 

 just described, and the three nail-heads of one side are yet 

 in the shoe. They project nearly as high as the calkins, 

 and are of the shape always observed with these shoes. 

 Its small size, and staple-like form, caused it to be desig- 

 nated a ' mule shoe.' 



• A very interesting discovery of a Roman villa has 

 been recently made at Chedworth, a place on the great 

 Foss Road, sixteen miles from Gloucester. With a very 

 fine tesselated pavement, have been found a great number 

 of articles, such as a silver spoon ; two silver coins, on 

 the obverse of which are the words ' Imperator Caesar 

 Antoninus Augustus ;' a coin of Heliogabalus, and another 

 of Valens ; bronze fibulae ; rings ; implements ; bone 

 hair-pins ; bronze coins of Constantia, Constantinus, Urbs 

 Roma, &c. ; nails, armlets, twisted chains with swivels ; 

 styles, and steelyards with lead weights ; iron implements, 

 knives, chisels, spear-heads, crooks to suspend a kettle, 

 and three pigs of iron. The presence of the latter articles 

 would tend to show that they had been manufactured on 

 the spot. There were also various kinds of pottery; 

 bones of the horse, ox, sheep, and pig, and antlers of a 

 large herd of deer, as well as two fragments of human 

 skulls. There are proofs that the villa has been destroyed 

 by fire, and 275 coins, mostly Roman, fix the date ; no 



