29S 



CHAPTER VII. 



DISCOVERY OF SO-CALLED ' HIPPOSANDALS.' DIVERSE OPINIONS. 

 VARIOUS MODELS. PREVALENCE ON THE CONTINENT AND IN 

 ENGLAND : THEIR CHARACTERISTICS. THREE TYPES. DIFFERENT 

 HYPOTHESES. DISCOVERIES AT DALHEIM. PATHOLOGICAL SHOES. 

 ERRONEOUS CONCLUSIONS. HILL OF SACRIFICES. M. BIELER. 

 CHATEAU BEAUREGARD, VIEIL-EVREUX, AND REMEN COURT. M. 

 DEFAYS. HIPPOSANDALS ON HOOFS. MULE AND OX SANDALS. 

 THIRD TYPE. ENGLISH SPECIMENS. STUTTGART. ARE THEY 

 FOOT DEFENCES ? ARGUMENTS ADVERSE TO THIS SUPPOSITION. 

 aUIGUEREZ AND DELACROIX. BUSANDALS. CATO THE CENSOR. 

 LiaUID PITCH. SHOES OR SKIDS FOR WHEELS. ANCIENT REFER- 

 ENCES. 



In connection with the archaeological discoveries which 

 have enabled us to fix, approximately, the period when 

 shoeing was first introduced into, or practised in, Europe, 

 I have deferred alluding, until now, to another matter 

 which has excited much interest among antiquarians ; 

 this is the discovery of what are generally termed ' hip- 

 posandals ' — objects in iron, of somewhat difi'erent shapes, 

 but all apparently designed for the same purpose. In 

 various museums in France, Germany, Switzerland, and 

 Britain, these curious-looking instruments are exhibited 

 under the designation of ' hipposandals^ or ^ solece ferrece^, 

 owing to its being supposed, — because the Romans did 

 not employ nailed-shoes, and these articles usually pre- 



