,3/6 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



point of view, was Alberic Clement, lord of Metz, in Ga- 

 tinais. He accompanied King Philip Augustus to the 

 Holy Land, and distinguished himself at the siege of 

 Acre, where he was killed at an assault conducted by 

 William the Breton and Rigord, in 1191. He had on 

 many occasions led the advanced guard into battle,' and 

 it was he who inaugurated the brilliant series of French 

 marshals. His son, though very young, was, in recog- 

 nition of the father's services, made marechal, and in 

 1225 commenced his duties, which, though military in 

 their character, were yet made to include the manage- 

 ment of the king's horses, and everything pertaining to 

 them.^ It is not, however, until the 15th century that we 

 find the marechal separating himself from horses and 

 stables, and occupying a position second only to that of 

 the sovereign. 



In relation to shoeing, the designation, elsewhere than 

 in France, is of very frequent occurrence. In the reign of 

 James II., King of Aragon (13th century), in appointing 

 a marechal, it is ordained : ' Which Marescallus shall be 

 near our person when we journey, furnished with nails 

 and shoes, and other necessaries.' ^ In the Hist. Dalphini, 

 for the year 1340, in defining the duties of this person, it 

 is stated : ' Also the said Marescallus, every morning and 

 late at night, is to see that the horses are properly 

 groomed, . . and also to ascertain that they are well shod.' 



' Guillaume le Breton. Vie de Philippe Auguste : 



Fit subito tetra castris irruptio nocte 

 Quippe marescallus festinum'duxerat agmen. 



" Pere Anselme. Hist, de la Maison Royale de France. Paris, 1730. 

 ' Leges Jacobi ii. Reg. Majoric. vol. iii. 



