.382 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



where it is said : ' Thou knowest that we have assigned 

 thee as many horse-shoes and nails as may be necessary 

 for the shoeing of the horses of our stables in our present 

 travelling, with Fahros et fernim, and all other necessaries 

 required for the office of shoeing {ferrurce)' In con- 

 nection with the various designations for the farrier in 

 use during the Middle Ages, we also find a diversity of 

 names for the horse-shoes, not the least frequent of these 

 being 'ferratura.' So early as 11 84, in Charta Lucii III/ 

 it is enacted : ' Pro se et duobus scuteriis et tribus equi- 

 taturis fenum et avenam habeat, et candelas, et Ferraturas 

 equorum de curia ipsa percipiat.' In another charter for 

 the year 1252, it also occurs, 'Una Ferratura equi.' 



The general name, however, wasyerrwrn or ferrus. In 

 the 'Regestum ConstabularicE Burdegal' (fol. 106) the 

 former is expressed : ' Dixit se teneri facere D. Regi Sex 

 Ferra nova equi cum suis clavis in mutatione Domini;' 

 and the latter in the Acta St Raynerii Pisani (vol. iii.. 

 Junii, p. 432), 'Ferrati enim equi qui illuc equitabant, 

 sine aliquo ferro in pedibus regrediebantur, et qui suos 

 Ferros reservabant, optimos habere pedes perhibebantur.' 

 This affords us some evidence as to the insecure manner 

 in which the shoes were attached to the foot at this 

 period, as well as the v/ise conclusion arrived at, that those 

 hoofs which longest retained their armour were generally 

 the best. With regard to the word ' marechal,' it is still 

 the only designation for the farrier in France ; but to 

 distinguish between the shoer of horses and the highest 

 dignitary in the land — though both originally were one — 



' Miraeus, vol. iii. Diploni. Eelgic. p. 1189. 



