'12 2 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



J 



tion of the sole between the ivhole length of the bars cmd 

 crust. 



' 29. The sole should be made concave at the toe, with 

 a drawing-knife, in all cases luhere the horn is sufficiently 

 thick to admit of such removal. 



'30. The internal surface of the shoe may be flat 

 whenever the whole of the sole is concave, and will admit 

 of a picker between a flat shoe and the sole. 



'31. When the interior portion of the sole is thin, or 

 fat, or convex, and cannot be made concave, the shoe at this 

 part should be made concave. 



'32. As the crust, in flat feet, is always thin, the shoe 

 at the toe should have a very S7iiall seat, only equal to the 

 nails. 



'' ;^'^. As the sole at the quarters, even in flat or con- 

 vex hoofs, luill very generally admit of removal, the 

 quarters and heels of the shoes will be flat. 



' 34. That while the quarters and heels of the shoe, on 

 the upper surface, are flat, the concavity of the shoe at the 

 toe has no kind of influence in contracting the heels. 



^ 2>S- The external surface of the shoe should be 

 regularly concave, to correspond to the form of the sole 

 and crust, before the horse is shod. 



'' '^6. This external concavity of the shoe is well cal- 

 culated to embrace the ground, and to prevent the horse 

 from slipping. 



'37. The relative thickness of the shoe, at the toe and 

 heel, should be particularly attended to. 



'38. The wear of the shoe, at the toe of the fore-feet, 

 is generally three times greater than the consumption of 

 iron at the heels. 



