590 HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. 



forced itself so strongly on M. Charlier, that only partial 

 incrustation was resorted to in 1866 ; the shoe being made 

 a trifle wider and thicker, and the groove for its reception 

 much shallower, and certainly not exceeding the thickness 

 of the sole. It appears clips were also added, to prevent the 

 shoe driving back against the sensitive part of the foot. 

 So great an alteration had been made, that instead of 

 ' preplantar,' Professor Bouley designated it ' presolar ' 

 shoeing. Its use on the hind-feet was nearly, if not quite, 

 discontinued, as these organs are of little importance, so 

 far as shoeing and disease are concerned, when compared 

 with those in front ; and the wear was so severe at the toes, 

 the thinnest part of the hind-feet, that the encircling bands 

 could not be made strong enough to last for a reasonable 

 period, neither could they be imbedded deep enough with 

 safety. 



Veterinary Surgeon Signol, who devoted much time 

 and attention to the new shoes and their application when 

 experiments began to be made with them, reports that 

 those used on the omnibus horses of Paris weighed on the 

 average 850 grammes (30 ounces) ; they were from 18 to 

 20 millimetres thick (7 to 8-ioths of an inch), and were 

 incrusted in the wall of the hoof to a depth of 15 milli- 

 metres (6-ioths of an inch) ; they had toe-clips. On the 

 fore-feet, these shoes lasted 30, and on the hind-feet 28 

 days. More than 500 feet were shod within the space of 

 six months ; and the advantages noted during that period 

 (1866) were: i. Economy in material to the extent of 

 at least 250 to 300 grammes each shoe, and even more, 

 as some of the ordinary shoes weighed as much as 2 

 kilogrammes (4'409 pounds). 2. In consequence of the 



