PREPARATION OF THE FOOT. 599 



shoes have been introduced with projections on the ground 

 surface, and one employed by Mr Broad, Veterinary 

 Surgeon, Bath, more than ten years ago, may be said to 

 be identical with this ; while in almost every town and 

 citv, except London, toe-pieces and calks are regularly 

 worn by draught-horses. 



The preparation of the foot and application of the 

 shoe are described as follows : ' A shoe which precisely 

 lits the outline of the hoof is selected from the stock. 

 If a proper fit cannot be found, any slight alteration is 

 made by a few blows on the cold iron ; or, if heating be 

 necessary, the shoe is made cold again before it is applied, 

 and care is taken that it remain perfectly level and true. 

 The farrier then prepares the hoof by cutting or rasping 

 away the surface of that portion of the crust on which 

 the iron will rest, leaving the centre of the sole and the 

 frog and bars untouched. Having given what he judges 

 to be a true level to this marginal seating for the shoe, 

 the shoe is applied cold, and the hoof is rasped again and 

 again until horn and iron come into perfect contact in 

 every part. As a guide to the use of the rasp, the surface 

 of the shoe is ruddled, so that any portion of horn not 

 touched by it remain uncoloured. The adjustment being 

 correct, the shoe is nailed on in the ordinary way, and the 

 process is complete. .... Mr Goodenough claims for 

 his system the negative merit that the shoe, being applied 

 cold, does not injure and weaken the horn by burning, as 

 in the common method. He claims the positive merits 

 that "it prevents slipping, over-reaching, and interfering, 

 cutting, or picking up stones, balling snow or mud, con- 

 tracted feet, corns, sandcraeks, thrush, springing of the 



