160 



PLANTS OF THE ALPINE MEADOWS 



in other chapters. The flowers of the Long-spurred 

 Violet {Viola calcarata, Linn.) (p. 128), are a uniform 

 pale blue; those of the Two-flowered Violet (F. hiflora, 

 Linn.) (p. 253) are yellow. 



The flowers of all the Violets are specially modified 

 or adapted to their insect visitors, and we may 



Fig. XV. — Section of a Flower of the Field Pansy (FioZa tricolor , Linn.). 



a, The flower-stalk ; 6, sepal ; c, petal ; d, stamen ; e, nectary ; 

 /, spur of petal ; g^ ovary ; A, stigma. 



perhaps choose this opportunity of describing the 

 flower of this common species in detail, in order 

 to compare those of the Long-spurred and Two- 

 flowered Violets. A section through a flower is shown 

 in Text-fig. XV. All the organs there seen can easily 

 be observed by dissecting a flower with a needle under 

 a hand-lens. 



