(iLOSSAKV OF liOTAMCAL TKUMS 313 



Exalbuininous, applied to seeds which have no en(losj)erm, and 



in which the embryo occupies the whole cavity of the 



seed. 

 ExstipiUate, possessing no stipules. 

 Extra-floral, outside the flower,; a term applieil to sonic 



nectaries which are situated on leaf-stalks, etc., instciui of 



in their usual position within the flower (p. 276). 

 Extrorse, applied to anthers which are so turned that they 



open outwards, away from the centre of the flower. 

 Family = Natural Order (fj.v.). 

 Ferment, a substance in the plant which produces chemical 



changes, without itself contributing to the resulting 



prcxlucts (p. 214). 

 Filament, the stalk of a stamen. 

 Flaccid, limp, flabby, as o})posed to turgid (q.v.). 

 Floral envelope, the modified leaves surrounding the stamens 



or carpels, or both, in a flower, and placed below them. 



It may be undiflerentiated (a perianth) or differentiated 



into calyx and corolla. 

 Floral leaf, a leaf modified to form one of the parts of a flower 



— <'.^., a sepal, a petal, a stamen, or a carpel. 

 Flower, a shoot bearing modified leaves devoted to sexual 



reproduction. The flower may consist of stamens or 



carpels alone, or both, with or without a floral envclojx.'. 



In a hermaphrodite flower the stamens are always placeil 



below the air pels. 

 Follicle, a dehiscent fruit, composed of a single carjK'l contain- 

 ing several seeds. 

 Fruit, the ripened carpel or carpels of a single flower, enclosing 



one or more seeds. 

 Fvmction, the part or rule performetl by any oiiran — (•./,•-.. 



reproduction is the function of the flower. 

 Qall, an abnormal growth, caused bv an insect oi a fungus 



(p. 290). 



