THE STRUCTURE OI' rilK I LOWER 



331 



nuikc it easy for the wind to waft tlie fruits aloii'^ and 

 so distribute them in new situations. There are two type -^ of 

 lloret, the outer or rav Horets, whicli have strap-shaped corolUis 

 and no stamens, and the hermaphrodite disc Horets, which have 

 a symmetrical corolla of five united petals and five rpijuialous 

 stamens. Tlie latter are syuircncsicnis^ 

 and form a hollow cylinder round the 

 style. The ovary, which contains a 

 sin«rle ovule, is prolonged into a slender 

 style, divided at the top into a bifid 

 stigma. One disc floret is represented 

 cut in half to show the stamens. 



The Buttercup, Pea, Saxifrage, and 

 Groundsel are all Dicotyledons. Text- 

 fig. XXX. shows the flower of the 

 Crocus, a Monocotyledon. Here the 

 perianth, which is epigynoits, is not 

 differentiated into calyx and corolla, 

 but the segments are all alike and 

 coloured. The stamens are attached to 

 the perianth tube. The three carpels are 

 united and form the ovary and style, but 

 the curious funnel-shaped and toothed 

 stigmas are free from one another. 



Among the Monocotyledons we find 

 a great variety of flowers, showing 

 poIi/pii(iIy^(ramopii(tIf/y and apiiah/, and 

 also hypogyny and cpfgy^^y-) precisely 

 as among the Dicotyledons. 



The arrangement of the flowers on the plant is by no 

 means haphazard. Sometimes the flowers arise singly, just i\s 

 leafy branches may occp.r, in the axils of the leaves. 'I'his 

 happens, for instance, in tlie Violets, but the fact is not obvious 

 at first sight, because the stem and the leaf bii.>es are hidtlen away 



Fio. XXX.— The Flower of 

 a Crocus. A typiial Mo 

 nocotylcdonous Flower. 

 ( ii.it u nil order Iridaccae). 

 Keduccd. 



