26 CHEMISTRY. 



Ciilo'ridk. — Cliloriiie witli another element. 

 Flu'oride. — Fluorine with a metallic or combustible base. 

 I'ODIDE. — Iodine with metal or other (substance. 

 Ox'iDK. — Oxygen with a base destitute of salifying prop- 

 erties. 

 Pllos'puiDE, or Plios'lMlORET. — Pliosphorus with a base. 

 Sel'enide, or Sele'niuret. — Selenium with some other 



element. 

 Sur/piiiDE, or SiJi/rnURET. — Sulphur with a base. 



Bronzing. — The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, 

 wood, ivory, clay, plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by 

 means of bronze-powders, or by chemical processes. 



Calcina'tion. — The operation of expelling from a substance, 

 by heat, some volatile matter with which it is combined, 

 and thus disintegrating it and reducing it to a friable state. 

 Thus, carbonate of lime is reduced to lime by calciiidtion, 

 or the expulsion of carbonic acid. 



The operation of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic 

 cnlx. 



Calorim'eter (L. aihr, heat, Gr. metron, measure). — An appa- 

 ratus lor measuring relative quantities of heat, or the specific 

 caloric of bodies ; or an instrument for measuring the heat 

 given out by a body in cooling from the quantity of ice it 

 melts. 



Calorim'etry (L. cahr, heat, Gr. viefron, measure). — The 

 measurement of quantities of heat contained in bodies. It 

 is conducted by different processes, but mostly by that of 

 the melting of ice around the bodies to be tested. 



Catalysis. — The influence by which certain substances, with- 

 out undergoing any change themselves, resolve certain other 

 substances into new compounds by mere contact, as the 

 conversion of starch into sugar by sulphuric acid. 



Cementation. — A process which consists in surrounding a 

 solid body with the powder of other substances, and heat- 

 ing the whole to redness. Iron is thus converted into steel, 

 glass into porcelain, etc. 



Crystallization. — The process of forming crystals. 



Distillation. — Dri/ distillation is the distillation of substances 

 per sc, or without the addition of water. Destructive dis- 

 tillufiou, the distillation of substances at very high tem- 

 peratures, so that the ultimate elements are separated or 

 evolved in new combinations. 



