ARCHITECTURE. 15 



the angles of towers, or from the parapet and other parts 



of the building. 

 Base. — The lowest part of a column or pillar. 

 Bas'ton, — x\ round moulding in the base of a column. 

 Batter. — An inclination or sloping backward of the face of a 



wall. 

 Bay- or Oriel-Window. — A window placed in the bay or bow 



of a window. 

 Bead. — A round moulding commonly made upon the edge of a 



piece of stuff, in the Corinthian and Roman orders, cut or 



carved in short embossments, like beads in necklaces. 

 Beam. — The largest piece of timber in a building, laid across 



the walls, and serving to support the principal rafters. 

 Beam'-Filling. — The masonry or brick-work which fills the 



interstices between joists or beams. 

 Bed. — The horizontal surface on which the stones or bricks of 



a wall lie on its courses. 

 Bel'fry. — The upper part of the steeple of a church, for the 



reception of the bells. 

 Bell Roof. — A roof whereof the vertical section, perpendicular 



to the wall on to its springing line, is a curve of contrary 



flexure, being concave at the bottom and convex at the 



top. 

 Belvedere'. — A raised turret or lantern, raised for the enjoy- 

 ment of a prospect ; also a small edifice in gardens, not 



uncommon in France and Italy. 

 Beton. — A concretion used in foundations of hydraulic works ; 



concrete. 

 Bond. — A peculiar mode of disposing bricks in a wall; as, 



English bond, where one course consists of bricks with 



tiieir ends toward the face of the wall, called headers, and 



the next course of bricks with their lengths parallel to the 



face of the wall, called stretchers; Flemish bond, where 



each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately. 

 Bon'ing. — The art of judging of, or making, a plain surface or a 



straight line, as by sighting along two straight edges or poles. 

 Boss'age. — Rustic work, consisting of stones which advance 



beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures 



or channels left in the joinings. 

 Boulder Walls. — Walls built of round flints or pebbles laid 



ill strong mortar. 

 Boxings of a Window. — The cases opposite each other on 



