52 FARMING. 



Cleft'-Grafting". — A mode o^ rp-afling in which the scion is in- 

 serted in ;i cleft made in the stock. 



Cross-tin'ing. — A lianowin;^ by drawint^ the harrow or drag 

 l)aek and forth on the same ground. 



Drilling. — A mode of putting seed into the ground by a ma- 

 chine called a drill plough^ which makes channels in the 

 ground and lets the seed into them, so that it comes up 

 in rows in which the plants are at regular distances from 

 each other. 



Etiola'tion. — The rendering plants white, crisp, and tender, by 

 excluding the action of light from them. 



Fallow. — Land that has lain a year or more untilled or un- 

 seeded. It is also called fallow when ploughed without 

 being sowed. 



Flo'riculture. — The cultivation of flowering plants. 



Flute'-grafting. — A kind of budding in which a ring of bark 

 is used instead of a single bud, and, a stock of similar thick- 

 ness having been cut over, a ring of bark is removed, and 

 the foreign one substituted. 



Gleaning. — The act of gathering afler reapers. 



Graft ing. — The process of inserting a branch of one tree into 

 the stock of another, so that it may receive nourishment 

 from it, while at the same time it produces a new tree like 

 the old one whence the graft was taken. 



Har'rowing. — The act of drawing a harrow over for the pur- 

 pose of breaking clods and levelling the surface, or for 

 covering the seed sown. 



Husbandry. — The practical part of the science of agriculture. 



Irriga'tion. — The operation of causing water to flow over lands, 

 for nourishing plants. 



Mowing. — The cutting down of grass with a scythe. 



Paring. — The act or practice of cutting off the surface of grass 

 land, for tillage. 



Plashing. — The operation of cutting small trees half through, 

 and interweaving them, as in hedges. 



Ploughing. — The trenching and turning up of the soil with a 

 plougli. 



Ring'ing. — The cutting out of a ring of bark down to the new 

 wood, for the purpose of making a branch fruitful. 



Tal lowing, — The art or practice of causing animals to gather 

 tallow. 



Thrashmg. — The beating out of grain from the husk. 



