118 MIND. 



Mate'rialism. — The doctrine that the soul of man is not a 



spiritual substance distinct from matter. 

 Mechanics. — See Mechanical Philosophy. 

 Metaphysics (Gr. meta^ after, and 2)hims, nature). — The 



.science of the principles and causes of all things existing. 

 Nat'uralism. — The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural 



agency in the miracles and revelations of the Bible. 

 Noe'niics (Gr. noema, the understanding). — The .science of 



the understanding. 

 Nominalism. — The doctrine that general notions, .such as the 



notion of a tree, have no existence but as names or words. 

 Nomol'ogy (Gr. nomos, a law, and logos^ a discourse). — The 



science of the laws of the mind ; rational psychology. 

 Nool'ogy (Gr. nous, noos, the mind, and logos). — The science 



of intellectual facts, or the facts of the intellect. 

 Ontology (Gr. un, a being, and logos, a discourse). — The science 



that investigates every real existence incapable of being 



the direct object of consciousness. 

 Op'timism. — The doctrine that everything in nature is ordered 



for the best. 

 Pes'simism. — The doctrine that the world is the worst pos- 

 sible. 

 Phrenology. — See Phrenology. 

 Phys'ics, or Natural Philosophy (Gr, phusike, from phusis, 



nature). — The science of the phenomena of material attrac- 

 tion and those terrestrial phenomena which are studied 



in the separate sciences of mechanics, acoustics, optics, 



thermotics, electricity, and meteorology, but not chemistry 



or pliysiology. 

 Physiog'raphy (Gr. jyhvsis, nature, and grapho, I write). — 



The science of natural objects, or a description of nature. 

 Physiol'ogy (Gr. j^hnsis, nature, and logos, a discourse). — The 



science that determines the matter and form of living beings, 



and the functions of their organs. 

 Psy'chism (Gr. psucM, the soul). — The doctrine that there is 



a fluid diffu.sed throughout all nature, animating equally 



all living and organized beings. 

 Psychol'ogy (Gr. psuche, the soul, and logos). — The doctrine 



of the soul, or man's spiritual nature. 

 Q,ui'etism. — The doctrine that the highest character of virtue 



consists in the perpetual contemplation and love of supreme 



excellence. 



