MINERALS.— MINING. 119 



Re'alism.— The doctrine that genera and species ar^ real things 

 existing independently of our conceptions and expressions ; 

 opposed to nominalism. 



Sociol'ogy. — The science which relates to, or treats of, human 

 society. 



Somatol'ogy (Gr. soma, somafos, a body, and logos, a dis- 

 course). — The doctrine of bodies or material substances. 



Teleol'ogy (Gr. tele, far oS, and logos, a discourse). — The 

 science of the final causes of things. 



Theodicy. — A vindication of the ways of God. (See Optim- 

 ism.) 



Theol'ogy (Gr. Theos, God, and logos, a discourse). — The sci- 

 ence of things divine ; the knoicledge of God, and our 

 duty to him. 



MINERALS. 



Mineral'ogy (mineral, and Gr. logos, a discourse). — The sci- 

 ence which treats of the properties of mineral substances, 

 and teaches us to characterize, distinguish, and class them 

 according to their properties. It comprehends the study 

 or science of all inorganic substances in the earth or on its 

 surface. 



Crystallog'eny (Gr, hrustallos, rock-crystal, and gennao, I 

 produce). — The formation and internal structure of min- 

 erals. 



Crystallog'raphy (crystal, and Gr. graphe, a description). — 

 The science of crystallization, teaching the principles of 

 the process, and the forms and structure of cr3'stals. 



Crystalol'ogy (crystal, and Gr. logos, a discourse). — The sci- 

 ence of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies. 



Lithogeil'esy (Gr. lithos, a stone, and genesis, generation). — 

 The doctrine or science of the origin of minerals com- 

 posing the globe, and of the causes which have produced 

 their form and disposition. 

 For classification of metals, and names of precious stones, 

 see Metals and Precious Stones. 



MININGS. 



Mining. — The art or the occupation of procuring metals or 

 other mineral substances from mines. 



