MINING. 121 



Flook'ing. — Au interruption or shifting of a lode of ore by a 



cross vein or fissure. 

 Flume. — An artificial channel for gold-washing. 

 Gangue. — The mineral substance which encloses any metallic 



ore in the vein without being combined with it. 

 Glebe. — A piece of earth in which is contained some mineral 



ore. 

 Hading. — The direction of a slip, or fault, in mineral strata. 

 Hoi ing, — The undermining of beds of coal. 

 Leader. — A branch or small vein, not important in itself, but 



indicating the proximity of a better one. 

 Lode. — A metallic vein, or any regular vein or course, whether 



metallic or not, but commonly a metallic vein. 

 "Nog, — One of the square blocks of wood piled up to support 



the roof of a mine. 

 Pla'cer. — A gravelly place where gold is found, especially by 



the side of a river or in the bed of a mountain torrent. 

 Plum'ming. — The operation of finding, by means of a mine 



dial, the place where to sink an air-shaft, or to bring aQ 



adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines. 

 Ri'der. — A mass of rock material in a vein, dividing it. 

 Shaft, — A pit or long narrow vertical opening into a mine. 

 Sham'bles. — Niches or shelves left at suitable distances to 



receive the ore, which is thrown from one shamble to 



another, and thus raised to the top. 

 Stamp'ing-Mill. — An engine consisting of pestles, moved by 



water or steam power, for breaking or bruising ore. 

 Stemples. — Cross-bars of wood in the shafts of a mine. 

 String. — A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein. 

 Stulm. — A gallery to drain a mine. 



Sump. — A pit sunk below the lowest workings of a mine. 

 Tailings. — The refuse part of stamped ore thrown behind 



the tail of the huddle or washing apparatus, which is 



dressed over again to secure whatever metal may exist 



iji it. 

 Tamp'ing. — In mining operations, where the process of blasting 



with gunpowder is necessary for loosening masses of rock 



or ore, the powder is pressed in a cavity prepared for its 



reception by a careful process of ramming : this is called 



ta7)}piiiff. 

 Tun'nel. — A level passage driven across the measures or at 



right angles to the veins which its object is to reach, and 

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