PAINTING. 135 



Accident'als. — Those chance effects arising from luminous rays 

 falling on certain objects, by which they are brought into 

 a stronger light and their shadows rendered more intense 

 than they otherwise would be. 



Accompaniment. — An object accessory to the principal object, 

 and serving for its ornament or illustration. 



Ac'tion. — The attitude or position of the several parts of the 

 body by which they seem to be actuated by passions ; as the 

 arm extended, to represent the act of giving or receiving. 



Adumbra'tion, — The shadow only of a figure, outlined, and 

 painted of a color darker than the field. 



AflFec'tion. — A lively representation of pa,ssion. 



Animated. — x\ppearing as if endowed with life. 



Arabesque. — A capricious, fantastic, or heterogeneous species 

 of ornament, adopted from ancient art in Arabian and 

 Moorish architecture, and consisting of fruits, flowers, 

 foliage, and many other forms, except those of animals. 



At'titude. — The posture or action in which a figure is placed. 



Aureola, — The circle of rays witli which painters surround 

 the head of Christ and the saints. 



Aus'tere, — When a painter in the treatment of a subject rejects 

 all ornament or adventitious aid, he is called austere. 



Back'painting. — The method of painting mezzotinto prints, 

 pasted on glass of a size to fit the print. 



Bear'ing. — The mutual relations of the parts of a figure. 



Bish'op. — Canvas measuring 58 inches by 94. The Juif/ hlalwp 

 measures 45 inches by 5G. 



Blending. — The process of fusing or melting pigments by 

 means of a soft brush. 



Body. — Colors are said to bear a body when they are capable of 

 being ground so fine and of being mixed so entirely with 

 oil as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color. 



Bosc'age. — A landscape representing thickets of wood. 



Brooch. — A painting all of one color. 



Camaleu. — A painting in which there is only one color, and 

 where the lights and shades are of gold wrought on a 

 golden or azure ground. When the ground is yellow, the 

 French call it cirac/e ; when gray, grisaille. This work is 

 chiefly used to represent bdsso-relievos. 



Cartoon'. — A sketch executed in colors as a pattern for tap- 

 estry, for working in mosaic, etc. ; as " the cartoons of 

 liaffaelle." 



