136 rAINTINO. 



Cat'agraph. — The first draught of a picture. 



Chiaroscu'ro (Ttal., the clear-obscure). — The art of distributing 



liglita and shadows in painting so as to give effect to the 



composition. 

 Col'oring'. — Tlie manner of applying colors, or the mixture of 



liglit and shade formed by the various colors employed. 

 Composi'tion. — That combination of the .several parts in which 



each is presented in its due proportion. 

 Con'trast. — Opposition or dissimilitude of figures, etc., by 



which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the 



other. 

 Crude. — Roughly or coarsely done ; having colors inharmo- 

 nious or not well blended ; not accurately shaded. 

 Dem'itint. — A gradation of color between positive light and 



positive shade. 

 Design'. — The first idea represented by visible lines. 

 Detached'. — Applied to all objects in a picture which appear 



to stand out from those by which they are surrounded. 

 Distem'per. — When colors are mixed with size, white of e^^:^, 



or other unctuous or glutinous matter, and not with oil, it 



is said to be done in distemper. 

 Dra'pery. — The representation of the clothing or dress of 



human figures, etc. 

 Dry'ness. — A term applied to a style of painting in which the 



outline is harsh and formal, and the color deficient in 



mellowness and harmony. 

 Enam'el. — The art of painting with vitrifiable colors on metal 



plates. 

 Encaus'tic. — The method of painting in heated or burnt wax. 

 Foreshor'tening. — The representation of objects on a plane 



surface as they appear to the eye when viewed at an oblique 



angle. 

 Fres'co Painting. — A method of painting on walls, performed 



with water-colors on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with 



mortar not yet dry. 

 Glaz'ing. — Transparent or semi-transparent colors passed thinly 



over other colors, to modify the effect. 

 Grada'tion. — The gradual blending of one tint into another. 

 Ground. — The first la^'er of color which is put upon the canvas ; 



in a finished picture, the scenery around the principal 



objects, that part nearest the eye being called the fore- 

 ground^ and the more distant parts the hachground. 



