CAPPED HOCK. 313 



some bard substance. It very often indicates a kicker, either m 

 harness or in the stable, is unsightly when large, and depreciates 

 the value of the animal. 



Displacement of Tendon of Gastrocnemius Intemiis.—TiofessoT 

 Dick used to relate that he had met with cases of what he called 

 dislocation of the tendon of the gastrocnemius internus, and that 

 the tendon had been torn from its attachment to the os calcis. 

 He said it always fell to the outside, thereby not untwisting itself 

 from the externus ; but that it wan quite possible for it to fall to 

 the inside. He said that a groove was formed for it on the side 

 of the bone, and that the patient regained his soundness. 



This is a rare form of injury. I have recently seen two cases 

 of it, arising from kicking, the animals striking the points of the 

 calces violently, causing inflammation of the bursa, or synovial 

 capped hock. Although in one case the displacement was evi- 

 dent very shortly after the infliction of the injury, yet ia 

 neither instance was there any tearing of the tendons from 

 their attachments, but simply an elongation and loss of co- 

 hesion, from inflammation in the ligamentous bands which bind 

 them to the os calcis, as well as from pressure of the increased 

 synovial secretion, allowing the tendons to slip outwards when- 

 ever the foot was elevated. 



The treatment consists in throwing the part into a state of 

 repose by the application of the high- heeled shoe, cold water to 

 the seat of injury, and when the inflammation is reduced, blister 

 or firing by pyro-puncture. 



The tendo-achilles may be torn from its attachment to the os 

 calcis ; as a rule this is accompanied by fracture or detachment 

 of the epiphysis, and occurs in young animals before the ex- 

 ticniity has become permanently united to the body of the bone. 



INJURIES TO GASTKOCNEMH MUSCLES. 



Injuries to the gastrocnemii muscles or to their tendons are 

 known by the animal presenting symptoms the reverse of those 

 manifested when the flexor metatarsi is injured, as in the case 

 illustrated at page 297. In injuries to the gastrocnemii, the 

 foot is elevated from the ground, as in stringhalt, the leg being 

 suddenly brought upward and forward at each step. When 

 the animal is standing still there will be knuckling over at the 



