CAKdXOMATA — sciniuius. 443 



containir4;:j one or more nuclei and distinct nncleoli, grouped in 

 rounded or variously shaped connective spiicog termed alveoli, 

 and which are said to be in direct communication witli the 

 lymphatics at tlie margins of the tumour, each alveolus having 

 boundary or wall of fibrous tissue, called the stroma. They 

 are diviilf^d arcordinjj to tlie amount and nature of tlie stroma, 

 and tho number and character of the cells, into hard, epithelial, 

 and soft cancers. 



HABD CANCER, OR SCIRRHUS, 



Is dense and white in its structure, arranged in masses, with 

 projections passing from its centre to various parts of the organ 

 which it attacks. It cuts up almost like cartilage, and after being 

 cut the surfaces both become concave, and the hjemorrhage from 

 them is uniform, without jet, and more excessive than from the 

 surrounding tissues. It differs from a simple tumour by being 

 more rapid in its growth, by its tendency to involve the lym- 

 phatic glands, to break through the organ in which it is 

 developed, and to involve neighbouring textures. When 

 developed in the mouth and face, it interferes with the process 

 of mastication, and causes the animal rapidly to lose flesh ; but 

 when it is so situated as not to interfere with any of the animal 

 or vital functions, it does not seem to affect the constitution for 

 a long period, or until ulceration has taken place. The ulcer 

 then involves the adjacent parts, and a fungus is thrown out, 

 haemorrhage occurs, and the patient suffers from irritation and 

 exhaustion. 



The only treatment is early removal, if the tumour is situated 

 in a part where an operation can be performed. The applica- 

 tion of escharotica is not to be recommended, excision being by 

 . far the bett<^r method. In the mammaj of dogs the operation 

 nearly always allords relief, if the brachial or inguinal glands be 

 not affected. I have operated on many cases, and always with 

 success ; but I have taken care not to do so when the glands are 

 much enlarged ; but if the external gland be enlarged, and when 

 it can be ascertained that internal ones are not involved, the 

 formal as well as the original tumour are to be excised. 



Professor Bennett has suggested a method of destroying 



