AMAUKOSIS. 54^ 



To detect tlie paralysed condition of the iris consequent upon 

 the loss of power in the optic nerve, all that the practitioner has 

 to do is to place the animal in a strong light. If the pupil 

 remains round and large, although the eye presents no 'sign of 

 organic change, amaurosis is present. 



Percivall, Gamgee, and others recommend various remedies for 

 amaurosis. It is, however, quite useless to expect any good 

 from them, the affection being incurable, when not symptomatic 

 of some other disease. When it is so, the treatment must be 

 directed to the removal of its cause. In horned cattle amaurosis 

 is present in parturient apoplexy, hydatids in the brain, impac- 

 tions of the stomach ; in some rare instances, during the latter 

 stage of hoemato-albuminuria, in syncope from heart disease or 

 concussion of the brain, and during the fits of megrims. 



STRABISMUS — SQUINTING. 



Irregular action of the muscles of the eye never occurs in the 

 lower animalg except as a sign of another disease, as indigestion, 

 tetanus, cerebral meningitis, acute urremia or ursemic poisoning 

 in the horse, and in lead-poisoning both in the horse and ox. 



ABNORMAL POSITION AND DISEASES OF THE EYELIDS. 

 ECTROPIUM, OR EVERSION OF THE EYELIDS. 



The eyelid is drawn away from the eyeball, its conjunctival 

 surface turned out, and its ciliary margin displaced, downwards 

 or upwards, according as the lower or upper lid is the seat of 

 the ectropium. The eyeball, being thus deprived of the pro- 

 tection of the eyelid, is exposed to constant irritation, by which 

 a chronic conjunctivitis is kept up, weakening the eye, and 

 giving rise to specks and vascularity of the cornea. 



This is a very rare condition of the eyelids. I have seen 

 only one case of it in the horse : it was in the lower eyelid, and 

 associated with the opposite condition — entropium — of the upper 

 lid. 



In the dog it is also rare compared to entropium, and always, 

 in my experience, afi'ects the lower lid. 



Treatment. — If not very extensive, the conjimctiva mode- 

 rately thickened, it may be reduced by the nitrate of silver. 



