STANDARD RATIONS. 



295 



Substance. 



Lucerne, green 



Crimson clover, green 



Carrots 



Swedes 



Separated milk 



Turnips ... 



Mangolds"' 



Fuel value of 1 gramme, 

 in calories. 



659 

 511 

 373 

 365 

 362 

 308 

 285 



Feeding Standards. It will be remembered that food may 

 be used by an animal in three ways : 



(1) To repair and renew its tissues. 



(2) To furnish heat and energy (by oxidation). 



(3) To promote growth and increase. 



Since the requirements of an animal in these respects may 

 vary greatly, it is obvious that the quantities of the chief 

 constituents of food with which it should be provided will also 

 vary. Many attempts to determine the amounts of the various 

 food constituents required by various animals under different 

 conditions have been made. 



One of the earliest and still, perhaps, the most generally 

 used series of standards was proposed by Wolff in 1864. The 

 numbers suggested are what may be expected on the average 

 to be suitable, but it is evident that much depends upon the 

 individual animal and upon a number of other conditions 

 difficult to specify. 



WOLFF'S FEEDING STANDARDS. 

 Per day per 1000R). live weight. 



In England mangolds are usually of higher value than turnips or even swedes. 



