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GLOSSARY. 



ond great division of Osseous Fishes; 

 the species of which are distinguished 

 by the fin-rays being soft and cartilag- 

 inous. They are divided into three 

 sections : 1. Abdominales, in which the 

 ventral fins are situated in the abdo- 

 men, far behind the pectorals, as in 

 the carp, salmon, and herring tribes ; 

 2 Subbrachiales, in which the ventral 

 fins are situated immediately beneath 

 the pectorals, and the pelvis is sus- 

 pended to the bones of the shoulder, 

 as in codfish, haddock, flounder, &c. ; 

 3. Apodes, in which the ventrals are 

 wanting, as in the eel. 



Malacostomous. Having soft jaws with- 

 out teeth : a term applied to several 

 extensive genera of fishes which are 

 wholly destitute of teeth in their jaws, 

 but have them placed in their throats, 

 near the orifice of the stomach. 



Malacostracous. An epithet applied to 

 soft-shelled insects : from Malacostraca, 

 the name of a division of the class 

 Crustacea, including those which are 

 covered with a crust softer than the 

 shell of a mollusc, but harder than the 

 homy integument of the Entomostracoa. 



Mammce. The paps or bfeasts. 



Mammalia. The class of animals which 

 give suck to their young. 



Mammalogy. The science which has for 

 its object the study and classification 

 of all animals belonging to the class 

 Mammalia. 



Mammiferous. Having breasts and nour- 

 ishing the young by the milk therein 

 secreted. 



Mammifwm. Having the shape or form 

 of paps. 



Mammillate. When the last joint of the 

 palpi is very short, smaller than the 

 preceding one, and retractile within it. 



Mammillated. Having little globes like 

 nipples. A term applied to the apex 

 of a shell when it is rounded like a 

 teat. This epithet is also applied in 

 anatomy to two small protuberances, 

 like nipples, found under the fore ven- 

 tricles of the brain, and to a process of 

 the temple-bone. 



Mandibles. The upper and under parts 

 of the bill, in birds. The instruments 

 of chewing ; applied to birds and in- 



sects. The term mandible is restricted 

 in entomology to the upper and outer 

 pair of jaws. 



Mandibular. Belonging to the jaw. 



Mandibulata. The insects whose mouths 

 are provided with jaws for the purpose 

 of mastication. 



Mandibuliform. When the under jaws of 

 an insect are hard and horny, and 

 shaped like the upper jaws. 



Manducation. The act of chewing or 

 eating. 



Mange. The scab or itch in dogs, cattle, 

 and other beasts. 



Manners. Habits and mode of life. 



Mantle. The external soft contractile 

 skin of the Mollusca, which covers the 

 viscera and a great part of the body 

 like a cloak. 



Maniform. When the palpi or feelers of 

 an insect are chelate, or furnished with 

 a finger and thumb. 



Maritime. Bordering on, or situated 

 near, the sea. 



Mare. The female of the horse, or 

 equine genus of quadrupeds. 



Margaritaceous. Pearly. 



Margaritiferous. Pearl-bearing: applied 

 to shells which form pearls ; as Melea- 

 grina Margaritifera, or pearl- bearing 

 oyster. 



Marginal. Near the margin or edge. 

 When applied to the wings of insects, 

 it denotes open areolets that terminate 

 ih the margin. 



Marginate ; Marginated. Having a prom- 

 inent margin or border. 



Marigenous. Produced in or by the 

 sea. 



Marine. Belonging to, or found in, the 

 sea. ' 



Marmorate. So painted with veins, 

 streaks, and clouds as to resemble 

 marble. 



Marmorean ; Marmoraceous. Made of, or 

 incrusted with, marble. 



Marsupial. A term designating those 

 animals which are provided with a 

 tegumentary. pouch, in which the em- 

 bryo is received after birth, and pro- 

 tected during the completion of its de- 

 velopment. 



Marsnpialian. Belonging to the class 

 Marsupialia. 



