15 



All great improvements in modern science, in tlic arts of com- 

 merce, manufactures, or agriculture, have been achieved by hav- 

 ing an intelligent mind to impel the -willing hand. One hundred 

 and fifty years ago there -were but three coaches in Paris. Now 

 railways thread their courses over mountains and along valleys, 

 and forty-three thousand people ask as a kind of popular right for 

 free passes to attend the festivities consequent upon the visit of 

 the Queen of England to the Emperor of France, at Cherbourg, 

 and nineteen millions of passengers ride over the railways of 

 France in a single year. 



In all thought there is power. There is no force that can con- 

 tend with ideas. Thought, ideas alone, are supreme. " When 

 George III visited the Avorks of Messrs. Boulton & Watt, at Bir- 

 mingham, and was told that they were manufacturing an article 

 of which kings Avere fond, and that article was power, the old 

 gentleman was struck with the force and disadvantage of the 

 comparison. He saw at once that he, George III, King, was no 

 match for the steam engine, the great modern Democrat. So the 

 King, abashed, went away and died, and the steam engine rules 

 half the world ! 



Intelligence aids the power or faculty of invention. England 

 to-day maintains her maritime, commercial and manufacturing as- 

 cendancy by virtue of her intelligence. The Celtic labor of Ireland 

 she employs to dig her canals, construct her railways, and after 

 this work is done, she ejects this surplus power and population to 

 Australia, or America, and keeps straightway on her path of duty. 

 She introduces none of her arts of industry into Ireland. She 

 confines her to agriculture as far as possible. It was intelligence 

 which was the creator of the wonderful labor saving machinery now 

 in operation, the spinning jenny, steam engine, and power loom, 

 together with all the untold inventions of the age. 



It has been estimated that the power in the mills of Great Brit- 

 ain, by machinery, is equal to sixty millions of men. Now it is 

 quite clear that we do not attach an undue value to intelligence 

 when applied to industry. Out of one truth in science and art 

 and philosophy, springs another. 



As out of mathematics come dynamics, hence astronomy, out of 

 the science of chemistry iiows those other grand and subtle sci- 

 ences, but partially explored, of animal organization and vegetable 



