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organization, or, otherwise, the physiology of both ; and hence from 

 the old forms of government spring up States, grander than Plato's 

 Republic, or constitutions from the seething brains of French 

 philosophers. 



Bonaparte once asked Madame de Stael in what manner he 

 could best promote the happiness of France. Her reply, full of 

 wisdom, was, " Instruct the mothers of the French people." The 

 early settlers of New England, looking with prescient wisdom to 

 that future which we now enjoy and inherit, laid the foundation 

 for the establishment of our system of Free Schools, in which the 

 mothers of the American people have been educated. Conse- 

 quently we are daily witnessing the fruits of that kind of education. 

 When science won her last high victory, and laid her trophies at 

 the feet of the admiring nations, when she bound the continents 

 together with her electric pulse of thought and feeling, she beck- 

 oned from the crowded ranks of genius and the competitions of 

 commerce, that heroic son of New England, educated in the com- 

 mon schools of our own mountain Berkshire, as her chosen son for 

 the completion of this, her last, great, stupendous achievement, 

 and then and there, durable as the stars, has he joined his own re- 

 nown with the grandest enterprise of this age. 



All labor should be well directed. It should be given to the 

 production of those common and daily wants of life so requisite to 

 the happiness of man, — to the cultivation of the soil, to the manu- 

 facture of needful articles for domestic use, so cheap that comfort 

 can be diffused through all classes of society, for the general good 

 rather than superfluous luxuries for the few. That was a homely 

 wish of the Fourth Henry of France, that he hoped to see the day 

 when every peasant in the kingdom could have a fowl in his pot 

 on Sunday. 



All the monarchies of antiquity have made a profligate use of hu- 

 man industry. The erection of the royal residence in Peru occupied 

 20,000 men fifty years, and that of Mexico cost the labor of 200,- 

 000 men, and the useless Pyramids of Egypt were built by hund- 

 reds of thousands of vassal hands. Intelligent, well directed free 

 labor engages in higher and nobler enterprizes. The London 

 Times in a recent article upon the Atlantic cable says : 



" We are most happy that it has fallen to the lot of this country 

 to carry out an enterprize in which human nature is so deeply in- 



