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terested, in concert with the only other nation on the globe in 

 which the flame of science is fanned and kept alive bj the breath 

 of Freedom. Let those who are assembled at Cherbourg to cele- 

 brate another development in the art of destruction, and to fete 

 the inauguration of a fortress avowedly designed to threaten the 

 independence and prosperity of these islands, reflect on the true 

 nature of the enterprise which has thus been executed, and turn 

 from the contemplation of science degraded into the handmaid of 

 slaughter and devastation, to science applied to her legitimate 

 office, as the conciliator, the benefactress, and the enlightener of 

 the whole human race. A military monarchy has created Cher- 

 bourg ; political freedom and commercial enterprise have made 

 the Atlantic Telegraph, and they have nothing to blush for in the 

 comparison." 



In the midst of so many superfluous luxuries, the honest laborer 

 should go as Socrates went through the shops of Athens, exclaim- 

 ing, " How many things there are here which I do not need !" 



From individual labor we now turn to view the wider and more 

 varied theatre of the race, as exhibited in National Industry. 

 The early history of the origin and progress of nations discloses 

 to us most important truths touching the condition and employ- 

 ment of the human race. The first advance beyond the normal 

 condition consists in the domestication of animals, or maintaininir 

 large flocks and herds, wandering by day over vast plains, pitch- 

 ing their rude tents nightly beneath Egyptian skies, or encamping 

 round about the hills of Palestine. This seems to have been the 

 employment of the nomadic tribes of the Oriental world. From this 

 state of society the race instinctively tends to the Agricultural, be- 

 cause it lies in what may be called the spontaneous course of events. 



The States of antiquity had no just conception of an intelligent 

 national industry. For Schlegel remarks, the Roman State, from 

 its origin, and according to its first constitution, was nothing else 

 than a Avell organized school of war, a permanent military estab- 

 lishment for conquest. Greece, likewise, was especially versed in 

 the art of Avar. Labor was entirely performed by slaves. 



The first example in the history of the world of a well ordered 

 national industry is that of England. This small island, set apart 

 from the great continents, standing alone in the open sea, performs 

 3 



