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tlirou,2;h a part of a neighbor's farm. The main drains should be 

 from four to six inches deeper than the drains emptying into them ; 

 not ^vith abrupt shoulders, but levelled up so that the four or six 

 inches rise may take place gradually in the length of two tiles, 

 ■with the natural drains, to have a little curve near the end to dis- 

 charge a little down stream in the main drain. The drains on my 

 farm are from two feet six inches to three feet deep." 



" My drains are from 27 to 45 feet apart, generally 33 feet. 

 Nothing but thorough draining will pay, and I am convinced that 

 money cannot be better expended in any way, than in draining the 

 county of Seneca," a beautiful agricultural county, lying between 

 Cayuga lake on the East and Seneca lake on the West. 



" A few years since, when the midge destroyed most of the 

 wheat of six of my neighbors whose farms join mine, no one of 

 them harvested over seven bushels per acre, while some did not 

 get that, yet my wheat fields produced between 28 and 29 bushels 

 per acre. The main cause of this difference was in the fact, that 

 my land was drained and theirs was not. Since that, my neigh- 

 bors have all drained more or less, some of them having done so 

 very extensively. True, it will not do everything. Manure must 

 be applied to keep up the fertility of the soil," 



He recommends that every farmer of his county should make 

 the experiment of thorougly draining a little, if it be but an acre, 

 and wait for the result, and " I am convinced," says Mr. Johnston, 

 " he will require no urging to drain more." 



" I began to drain under unfavorable circumstances. First, 

 want of funds, next the tiles cost double what they do now, and 

 last, but not least, public opinion was against me. I was taunted 

 by the inquiry, ' Are you going to put crockery all over your 

 farm ?' Some told me that ' my farm was rather too dry if any 

 thing ; others hinted that ' they had known some men drain and 

 otherwise improve their lands so that they lost them.' Even a 

 Judge Cheever and a Professor Emmons, in a public discussion 

 on Agriculture, thought it might be practicable to expend from 

 ^20 to $24 an acre, on draining in the humid chmate of Great 

 Britain, but thought it questionable whether it would be prudent 

 for Mr. Johnston to expend so much in this dry climate. 



I do not pretend to have reported their exact words, but substan- 

 tially so. As soon as I saw these remarks in the papers, I an- 

 swered them through the Albany Cultivator. Notwithstanding all 

 this, I still felt confident that my draining would end well, as the 

 excess of two years' crops after draining would pay the cost, and I 

 persevered, and the more I drained the more I was convinced I 

 was right, and I have not been disappointed at the results, for my 

 fondest anticipations have been achieved." 



Other and similar results in our own country and in Scotland, 



