19 



In the column for 1885 are included the total quantity and 

 value of milk at the price of new milk, the total quantity 

 and value of cream sold or used as cream, and the total 

 quantity and value of butter and cheese made on farms. 



The number and value of the animals associated with the 

 dairy industry is important in this connection ; and it is 

 found that the census of 188.i gives the number, of milch 

 cows on farms as 162,847, valued at $6,156,130; and the 

 number of other bovine animals as 99,339, valued at $2,331- 

 852 ; or a total of 262,186 animals, valued at $8,487,982. 

 . In the aggregates of polls, property, taxes, etc., as assessed 

 May 1, 1885, the number of cows is given as 167,817, and 

 the number of neat cattle other than cows as 57,044, or a 

 total of 224,861 ; while the number as assessed May 1, 1889, 

 is found to be 192,307 cows and 63,884 neat cattle other 

 than cows, or a total of 256,191. 



According to the census of 1885, the value of the manure 

 made on fiirms is given as $3,090,189 ; and it is estimated 

 that not less than $2,000,000 of this amount can be credited 

 to the dairy industry. Also, the production of pork is given 

 as 16,546,752 pounds, valued at $1,063,180 ; and the making 

 of this pork to a large extent depends upon the use of the 

 so-called wastes of the dairy. 



From the table it would appear that from 1875 to 1885 cheese 

 fell off apparently nearly three-fourths as regards quantity. 

 This is a fact, no doubt, as regards the farm ; but the statis- 

 tics of manufactures, under which heading cheese is now 

 returned as a food preparation, show that this decrease in 

 quantity is due largely to a change rather from agriculture 

 to manufactures. In the volume on manufactures we find 

 credited under food preparations 613,087 pounds of cheese, 

 valued at $65,491 ; which, added to the amount reported as 

 made on farms, swells the aggregate to 972,211 pounds, 

 valued at $99,478. 



In Massachusetts the first cheese factory went into opera- 

 tion in April, 1864. Under a call signed by Dwight Ellis 

 of Warren and a few others, a meeting was held in West 

 Brookfield, Feb. 1, 1866, at which the Massachusetts Cheese 

 Manufacturers' Association was formed. At this meeting four 

 factories reported having made an aggregate of 364,178 



