39 



of nursery stock before shipment, however, and so many nurseries 

 in this country now have the scale that it is desirable that only 

 fumigated stock be purchased. 



Whale-oil Soa2y. 



This is usually a fish-oil rather than a whale-oil soap. It 

 should be liquid when cold even in as strong a mixture as two 

 pounds to a gallon of water. If it contains fats other than the 

 fish oil, it is likely to prove unsatisfactory, and it should therefore 

 be obtained from a reliable manufacturer. Two satisfactory 

 brands on the market are " Good's potash whale-oil soap No. 3," 

 made by James Good of Philadelphia, and the " Anchor brand," 

 made by Leggett & Bro., 301 Pearl Street, New York. 



This soap should be dissolved in water at the rate of two pounds 

 of soap to a gallon of water, by heat, and sprayed between the 

 first of January and the time the buds open. If it is desirable to 

 spray in the fall, this may be done after the leaves have fallen, 

 using one pound to a gallon of water. 



Treatment with whale-oil soap is probably the most practical 

 for fruit growers to make use of in most cases. 



Summary of Treatment. 



1. Fumigation is the most effectual treatment known, but must 

 be given under such conditions as to make it usually impracticable 

 for general use by inexperienced persons. 



2. Kerosene will kill the scale, and is likely to kill the trees as 

 well. A strength of kerosene and water mixture which will not 

 injure one kind of tree may kill another kind. 



3. Crude petroleum may prove the best remedy to use, but must 

 test above 43° Beaum^, and be used only in January, February or 

 March. 



4. The treatment recommended for general use, except in nurs- 

 eries, is as follows : — 



(a) Spray infested trees with whale-oil soap, two pounds to a 

 gallon of water, before the buds start in the spring, or at the rate 

 of one pound to a gallon of water, after the leaves arc off in the 

 fall. . 



{h) Cut back and prune infested trees before spraying, burning 

 the prunings. 



(c) Cover as much of the trunk and limbs with whitewash, about 

 the first of June, as the tree will safely stand. 



{d) Badly infested trees can probably never be entirely cleared, 

 and, if left, will distribute the scale to all trees near by. Cut and 

 burn all badly infested trees. 



