Chapter I. 



Ill the mouth of December, 1899, Stiuiley at last finished liis 

 venturesome journey and readied Zanzibar with Emin Pasha and 

 his followers. A few months later, Emin Pasha, at the head of 

 a German expedition, set forth again to return to the etjuatorial 

 lakes. About the beginning of June, 1891, he found himself once 

 more on the western slope of Kuwenzori, encamped at Karevia, 

 near the southern course of the Semliki (Issango) i-iver. 



It was from this encampment, 4,364 feet of altitude, that 

 Dr. F. Stuhlmann, one of the members of the expedition, made a 

 five days' excui'sion up the valley of Butagu, one of the largest 

 of the western valleys of the chain. He reached an altitude of 

 13,32G feet, not very far from the snow, in sight of two snowy 

 mountains. 



He was obliged to return, owing to liis limited means of 

 transport and to the sufferings of the natives from cold. A good 

 naturalist, a first-rate explorer and a painstaking observer, 

 Stuhlmann was the first to give an accurate description of the 

 successive zones of vegetation in its varying forms at different 

 altitudes. He proved clearly that Ruwenzori is not a single 

 mountain, but a real range. He distinguished four principal 

 groups to which he gave, proceeding from north to south, the 

 names Kraepelin, Moebius (the highest peak called Kanjangungwe 

 by the natives). Semper (Ngem\vinil)i of tlie natives), and 

 Weismann. He was able to photograph two of these groups 

 from the upper Butagu Valley. He also showed that Stairs' 

 suggestion of a volcanic origin for the range is without 

 foundation. Strange as it may seem, he failed to recognize the 

 presence of true glaciers, but was rather inclined to regard them 

 as mere accumulations of snow. 



Stuhlmann was succeeded in the exploration of Ruwenzori 

 by the naturalist G. F. Scott Elliot in the years 1894-95. He 



10 



