Chapter II. 



they drove out the Maznil from Mombasa and re-established 

 their own elective domination tliere In 1837. 



The Portuguese domination is recorded by the ancient fort, 

 a massive edifice Ijuilt ttiwanls the end of the sixteenth 

 century, several times dismantled, but which still stands and 

 bears cut in the stone the Christian symbol " I.H.S.," together 

 witli the eai^des of the Austro-Spanisji dynasty which governed 

 Portugal in 1635, when the fort was restored. Tt now contains 

 the prisons and a military store-house. 



After 1848, English and German geographical exploring 

 expeditions followed one another. In their wake were formed 

 colonial trading companies, which established themselves on the 

 coast and penetrated the country little by little, gradually 

 obtaininsf concessions from tlie Sultanate of Zanzibar or throuirh 

 treatv with native chiefs. Anglican and Catholic missionaries 

 next made their way still further into the interior, where they 

 had been preceded by the Mohammedans. In consequence, 

 religious wars lacerated Uganda for many years. In 1890, 

 Germany and England established by treaty their respective 

 zones of influence. Three years later, the Imperial Government 

 of Great Britain took over the protectorate, and since then has 

 ])ushed the occupation up to the boundaries of the Congo 

 State. 



On the morning of the 4th of May, Lieutenant Winspeare 

 was carried to the hospital, which stands on a healthy, airy, 

 and |ileasant site overlooking the ocean and the picturesque 

 Portuguese fort. The grey sky and fine rain seemed to fit the 

 depression which all felt at having to leave a comrade behind 

 at the very outset of the undertaking. Lieutenant Winspeare 

 recovered sufficiently to leave Mombasa to retm-n to Europe on 

 the 12th of May. 



36 



