Summaiy of Geological Observations. 



Valley. Moreover, the slcjpes of the strata are everywhere very steep, in places 

 as much as and upwards of 60 \ 



Kuwenzori must accordingly lie regarded as resulting from an anticlinal or 

 ellipsoidic upheaval, ivith a slope to the west on the west side, t(j the east on 

 the east side, passing to the south on the south side, and proliably to the north 

 on the north side. 



The presence of this ellipsoidic upheaval, comliined with the phi-noniencin 

 of the great fractures above mentioned, and with the existence in tiic cenrial 

 parts of rocks resisting subaerial disintegration, would explain the origin uf the 

 Kuwenzori Eange and of its lofty sunniiits. 



Old Gluriatian. — A phenomenon of great importance is the vast develoiinient 

 of the glaciers of the Kuwenzori Kange during the glacial period. 



The valleys of the Mobuku, the Hujuku, and the Mahoma were tilled by 

 the glaciers which descended from the chief mountains. These uniting in a 

 single ice-stream of great size, and filling up the Lower Mobuku Valley, nui.st 

 have easily extended as far as the plain of llianda. 



Proofs of this early glacial e-\pansion are afforded 1iy the numerous large 

 erratic blocks ; by the old moraines which occupy the .Mobuku Valley from 

 Bihunga to Kichuchu, and above which rises the Xakitawa Plain ; lastly, by the 

 rolled and striated rocks which are so common on the higher parts of the 

 mountain. Kegarding the Xakitawa moraine, it may be mentioned that the 

 lake lying south-west of that district, and liy the observers generally considered 

 as volcanic, is, on the contrary, inter-morainie. 



Disregarding the erratic boulders which occur on the plain of Ilianda, and 

 are not perhaps due to direct glacial transportation, the first undoubted proofs 

 of old glaciation were met by me near the ascent of Bihunga, that is, at about 

 4,500 feet, whereas at present the glaciers do not descend lower than about 

 12,600 feet. 



On the western slope, too, the traces are evident of the passage of the old 

 glaciers with scratched and rounded blocks and morainic formations. We were, 

 however, unable to discover how far they had ranged on that side, ;is we did 

 not advance very far in that direction. 



Jlcccnt Glaciatim. — The Kuwenzori glaciers are referred to the so-called 

 equatorial type ; that is to say, they form ice-caps which are at times of great 

 thickness, and more or less completely cover the summits of the mountains. 

 From these ice-caps branches ramify downwards and advance into the ra\nnes, 

 but seldom range, and then oidy a little way, beyond the lower level of 

 the perennial snows, which here lies between 1.3, .350 and 13,500 feet. 



The po.sition of the glaciers once determined, the lateral moraines may be 



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