66 THE COCCIDAE 



presence of the broad band of cerores and chalazae extending 

 around the margin of the abdomen and onto the sides of the 

 thorax. The presence of a partially or completely formed ovisac, 

 which is always formed in this species, is also positive proof of the 

 condition of the specimen. They vary from two and one-half tc 

 four millimeters in length. The antennae consist typically of 

 eleven segments, but adult females with antennae of ten segments 

 or even of nine are not rare. The parts of the head skeleton, the 

 rostrum, the rostralis, and the crumena are much larger than in 

 the nymphs, but do not differ in structure. The parts of the 

 thorax are similar but larger. The ventral aspect of the meso- 

 thorax and metathorax contain distinctly invaginated furcae. The 

 furcellae have not been identified. The spiracles of the thorax 

 and abdomen are similar in number, form, and position to those of 

 the nymphs. The vulva is located in the caudal part of the ventral 

 aspect of the seventh segment. There is in certain genera a large 

 ventral gland, sometimes eversible, located caudad of the vulva. 

 This is often more distinct than the vulva and may be present in 

 the nymphal females as well as in the adult while the vulva is 

 present only in the adult. It is not impossible but that the mouth 

 of this gland, because of its distinctness, has been described as the 

 vulva in certain cases. The discalocae, three in number, are 

 located just caudad of the vulva. They are distinct black spots 

 and can be recognized in untreated specimens. The segments of 

 the abdomen are campanulate and the anus is located in the ninth 

 tergum. The chitinized rectal tube and rings of anacerores can 

 not be identified. The body of the untreated adult female shows 

 distinct transverse constrictions, the coriae, which are obscured in 

 mounted specimens by the stretching of the cuticle. 



The eggs are deposited in a large white ovisac which is excreted 

 from the cerores along the margin and near the ventral aspect of 

 the body. As the wax is excreted the thorax and abdomen are 

 elevated until the body of the insect is held almost at right angles 

 to the surface of the host-plant. The ovisac is frequently much 

 larger than the body of the insect, often two or three times its 

 length, and according to the observations of Coquillet and Gossard 

 requires from sixty to ninety days for its completion. The rostralis 

 remains attached to the host-plant during all this time. The wax 

 constituting the central portion of the ovisac has a fibrous cottony 

 texture in ovisacs that have been dried for some time, but this wax 

 has a doughy stringy consistency in ovisacs covered by living 



