SUBFAMILY MONOPHLEBINAE 69 



coccids should make it possible to define the genera so that they 

 would have definite limits and without having to utilize the 

 covering of wax or the number of antennal segments. The form, 

 number, and arrangement of the cerores; the form, number, and 

 position of the abdominal spiracles; the apodemae; the spiracu- 

 lariae ; and numerous other characters should be found useful. It is 

 to be hoped that some investigator with typical specimens of the 

 genera will make a careful morphological and phylogenetic study 

 of the subfamily. 



GENERA OF MONOPHLEBINAE 



a. Abdomen of male with two or four pairs of slender lateral fila- 

 ments; female unknown. Monophlc~bus Leach. 



aa. Abdomen of male with or without slender lateral filaments, if with 

 filaments, never with two or four pairs; female usually known, 

 b. Antennae of adult female normally with nine or eleven segments, 

 c. Antennae of adult female normally with eleven segments, if 

 with nine or ten segments, female provided with distinct ovisac 

 located between body of female and host-plant, its outer surface 

 frequently ribbed or fluted. 



d. Wax excreted by adult female powdery or cottony, soft and 

 indefinite in form, not forming definite ovisac. 

 e. Body of adult female with isolated dorsal areas of powdery 

 or cottony excretion, body never entirely concealed by 

 excretion. 



f. Body of adult female elongate with powdery or cottony 

 wax; vulva normal in size and position; abdomen of 



male with four pairs of slender lateral filaments 



Llaveia Sign. 



ff. Body of adult female strongly convex and dorsum with 

 transverse bands of powdery wax; vulva large and dis- 

 tant from caudal end of body; abdomen sometimes with 

 single pair of spiracles; abdomen of males without 



slender lateral filaments. Palaeococcus Ckll. 



ee. Body of adult female completely covered by dense fine 

 cottony excretion of long threads of wax, entirely con- 

 cealing body of female; male unknown. ..Guerinella Fern, 

 dd. Wax excreted by adult female definite in form and usually 

 hard, forming definite ovisac located between body of female 

 and host-plant, its outer surface usually ribbed or fluted; 

 dorsal aspect of body with powdery wax and frequently mar- 

 gined with erect or decumbent processes of wax; abdomen 

 with spiracles on segments seven and eight or six to eight; 

 abdomen of males without slender lateral filaments or with 



single pair of short blunt projections Icerya Sign. 



cc. Antennae of adult female with less than eleven segments. 



