SUBFAMILY CALLIPAPPINAE 95 



for digging. The body is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula, 

 an anal ring and anal ring setae, anal lobes and anal setae, octacerores, 

 pilacerores, or ceratubae. The caudal end of the rectum is not chitin- 

 ized forming a rectal tube provided with one or more rings of anacerores 

 excreting a long glassy tube of wax. The caudal abdominal segment is 

 not short, narrow, and projecting. 



The male has large finely faceted compound eyes. The ocelli are 

 wanting. The abdomen is not provided with long lateral filaments but 

 bears tufts of long wax filaments. The stylus is minute or concealed. 



The name of the single genus, Callipappus, belonging to this 

 subfamily, is derived from the two Greek words, kallos meaning 

 beauty and pappos meaning grandfather, down, pappus, a floating 

 seed. This undoubtedly refers to the resemblance of the male 

 when on the wing to the floating cottony thistle-like seeds of 

 certain plants. The beauty of the male is further shown in the 

 vernacular name of one of the common species, The Bird of 

 Paradise Coccid. 



The females of this subfamily are among the largest of all the 

 coccids. While specimens half an inch long are of common 

 occurrence, others three times this size or an inch and a half or 

 about thirty-five millimeters in length are not unusual. Individ- 

 uals an inch in length are normal in size for certain species. 



The most striking peculiarity in the female is the invagination 

 or intussusception of the caudal portion of the abdomen. In the 

 adult female all the segments but the first and second and in 

 some individuals also the third are invaginated to form a pocket. 

 pouch, or marsupium. This pouch extends almost to the cephalic 

 end of the body. Since the caudal end of the body is simply 

 pushed in, as it were, the vulva and anus retain their position in 

 the invaginated part and are located on the inside of the cephalic 

 end of the marsupium. The eggs are deposited within the 

 marsupium and their development takes place there. The young 

 when they hatch, escape through a transverse slit in the caudal 

 end of the pouch, the mouth of the invagination. This slit is 

 guarded by lips which are apparently different in form in the 

 different species. The genus Callipappus has been variously asso- 

 ciated with Monophlebus, Icerya, Margarodes, and Xylococcus 

 from all of which it is structurally very different through the 

 development of its marsupium and is regarded as worthy of 

 consideration as a distinct subfamily. 



The only condition allying Callipappus with Margarodes and 

 Xylococcus is the lack of a rostrum and rostralis in the adult 



