SUBFAMILY ORTHEZHNAE 107 



which excrete the wax forming the marsupium, other groups of 

 pilacerores on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the head, thorax, 

 and abdomen. The number and shape of the dorsal plates of wax 

 is dependent upon the size and shape of these groups of pilacerores. 



The tubular marsupium, which may be from twice to four or 

 five times as long as the body, surrounds the vulva. The eggs as 

 they are extruded pass into the marsupium where there is mixed 

 with them a few long curly threads of wax which are formed by 

 the ordinary cerores located on the ventral aspect among and 

 between the pilacerores. The adult female is active and carries 

 her marsupium about with her wherever she goes. The young 

 nymphs when they hatch, crawl out through the open end of the 

 marsupium and drop from this end onto the host-plant or crawl 

 down its side and over the body of the female onto the host-plant. 

 The beauty of the marsupium is due not only to its glossy white 

 color, but also to its longitudinal flutings, which are produced by 

 the irregularities or scallops in the row of pilacerores which form 

 it. The flutings are usually wanting on the ventral aspect of the 

 marsupium and vary in distinctness with the species on the dorsal 

 and lateral surfaces. They are sometimes only slightly indicated 



The nymphs of the first stage have the body oval in outline 

 with the cephalic and caudal ends broadly rounded. The legs are 

 normal in form but are comparatively large alnd the sutures 

 between the trochanter and femur and often also between the 

 tibia and the tarsus of each of the legs are frequently wanting, or 

 if indicated, the segments are fused and immovable. The dorsal 

 and ventral surfaces of the body are provided with numerous 

 pilacerores and a slight covering of wax is generally formed before 

 the nymphs issue from the marsupium. The antennae consist of 

 four to six distinctly separated segments. The anus is surrounded 

 by a prominent anal ring which bears six large anal ring setae. 

 There are numerous cerores, not pilacerores, located on the anal 

 ring. These cerores differ from the cerores of the anal ring of 

 many other coccids in not having a definite arrangement. 



There are a number of nymphal stages in the female, four in 

 insignis, in all of which the insect is active at all times. The 

 nymphs resemble the adult female very closely so far as the 

 number and disposition of their pilacerores are concerned, but 

 they can be recognized always by the fact that the plates of wax 

 are never as large as those of the adult because they are shed at 

 each molt. The legs in the older nymphal stages, because of the 



