186 THE COCCIDAE 



a short distance caudad of the mesothoracic spiracles. There are 

 canellae with spiracerores which extend from the spiracles to the 

 margin of the body where there are one or two prominent spinae 

 in Lecanodiaspis and Anomalococcus. The figures of some authors 

 of other genera show spiracerores but the absence of spinae. 



The dorsal surface of the abdomen in certain genera bears 

 some cuticular pitted or sieve-like plates, which are known as the 

 cribiform plates. These plates as dorsal structures are not found 

 outside the subfamily Asterolecaniinae. Ferris has noted the 

 presence of cribiform plates in Kuwanina Cockerell, but these 

 plates are confined to the ventral aspect of the abdomen. The 

 cribiform plates are the madreporiform bodies of Comstock. The 

 function of these plates is unknown, their openings may be cerores. 

 There are six cribiform plates in Lecaniodiaspis, three on each side 

 distant from the meson ; two groups in Ceroroccus, one on each side 

 near the anal ring, each group consisting of four plates; a single 

 large group extending transversely in an irregular row near the 

 middle of the abdomen and consisting of one hundred to one hun- 

 dred and fifty cribiform plates. The surface of the plate is cup- 

 shaped in Cerococcus and flat in the other genera. 



The caudal end of the abdomen may be only slightly indented 

 or emarginate or it may be deeply indented, in such cases it is said 

 to be deeply cleft. Such an emargination is different from the 

 anal cleft of the lecaniids, but is more like the emargination of 

 the eriococcids. The emargination appears to be formed by the 

 projecting anal lobes. That these structures are anal lobes is 

 shown from the almost universal presence of anal setae, the caudal 

 setae of Green, which in some species are very large and prominent. 



The caudal end of the alimentary canal, the anus and anal 

 ring, are invaginated and form the bottom of a short tube or pocket, 

 the anal tube, which resembles somewhat the anal tube of the 

 lecaniids. The form and extent of this tube varies with the genus. 

 The caudal end of the anal tube is supported on the dorsal side by 

 a transverse strongly chitinized plate, the dorsal lip. This varies 

 from a simple transverse plate in Asterolecanium to a shield-shaped 

 plate in Cerococcus and an irregular crescentic or subcrescentic 

 plate with the caudal margin emarginate in Lecaniodiaspis. In 

 this latter genus there is a prominent dumb-bell-shaped thickening 

 on the ventral aspect caudad of the opening of the anal tube. 



The number of anal ring setae is frequently not constant even 

 for the same genus. The normal number in Asterolecanium is six 



