218 THE COCCIDAE 



anal ring setae, pilacerores, or octacerores. The anal lobes in the first 

 nymphal stage are indicated with varying degrees of distinctness and the 

 anal setae are rarely wanting. The ceratubae, although usually few in 

 number, can generally be recognized. The caudal end of ,the rectum is 

 not strongly chitinized with one or more rings of anacerores excreting a 

 long glassy tube of wax. The caudal abdominal segment can not be 

 identified. 



The male has six ocellanae, two dorsal, two sublateral, and two 

 ventral. The abdomen is not provided with long lateral filaments of 

 wax or two thread-like caudal filaments of wax. The wings are some- 

 times wanting. The stylus is long and slender. 



The eggs, in the case of those species laying eggs, are deposited 

 under the scale behind the body of the female. They are elongate 

 in form with the two ends rounded and are whitish, yellowish, or 

 reddish in color. The surface of the eggs is frequently more or less 

 dusted with fine granules of wax, excreted by the genacerores. 



The young nymphs when they hatch remain for a time under 

 the scale of the parent. All the eggs on the same branch or tree 

 apparently hatch at about the same time and the young first stage 

 nymphs swarm out from under the various scales, so that the 

 smaller branches of the host-plant, where the infestation is heavy, 

 are so densely covered with the young mite-like coccids that the 

 branches appear grayish in color. The young insects after wan- 

 dering about on the branch or branches for a few hours insert 

 their rostralis and attach themselves to the host-plant and begin 

 to draw nourishment. 



The first stage nymphs, in which the males are indistinguish- 

 able from the females, are normally provided with antennae of six 

 segments. The distal segment is long and constricted and appears 

 as if composed of several fused segments. There is a single 

 ocellana on each side near the articulation of an antenna. The 

 rostrum, consisting of a single globular segment, and the rostralis 

 are easily identified. The loop of the rostralis extends into a 

 prominent crumena which projects into the cavity of the abdomen. 

 The legs consist of the normal number of segments and are 

 articulated near together distant from the lateral margin of the 

 body. They are long enough, however, so that they project beyond 

 the margin of the body. The tarsi usually bear two tarsal and two 

 ungual digitules. The body, which is more or less depressed and 

 oval in outline, has a fairly distinct segmentation of the thorax 

 and abdomen. This latter, which apparently consists of six seg- 

 ments, is in reality composed of two parts, the cephalic five seg- 

 ments constitute the preabdomen and the apparent sixth segment, 



