226 THE COCCIDAE 



The portion of each lateral margin of the pygidium extend- 

 ing on each side from the coria forming the cephalic limit of the 

 pygidium to its cephalic lobe, second, third, fourth, or fifth as 

 the case may be, is known as a lateris. It is also known as the 

 pygidial margin, lateral margin, thickened lateral margin, margo 

 lateralis pygidii, or simply as the margin. The lateres should 

 not be confused with the pygidial fringe, of which it is the ce- 

 phalic part. 



Each lateris frequently contains indentations bounded by pro- 

 jections which are lobe-like in form. These projections, the 

 latadentes, bounding the indentations in the lateres have been 

 designated as the lateral teeth by Marlatt. The term latadentes 

 is applied to all the tooth-like projections cephalad of the cephal- 

 ic pair of lobes. In certain genera, as Diaspis, Chionaspis, 

 Lepiodosaphes and their allies, all of a considerable part of the 

 latadentes bear the oraceratubae of altaceratubae. Each of these 

 together with the tooth bearing it has been called a gland bear- 

 ing prominence by Cooley and others. The margin of each lat- 

 eris, whether the latadentes are present or not, may be finely or 

 coarsely dentate or denticulate. The denticulations bear no re- 

 lation to the latadentes. In those tribes provided with altacera- 

 tubae, the oraceratubae of those located between the lobes some- 

 times open in tooth-like projections. These are also known as 

 latadentes. 



The margin of the pygidium generally contains a number of 

 distinct indentations or notches, the incisurae. They were so named 

 by Leonardi, but are also known as echancrures, incisions, in- 

 cised notches, interlobular incisions, or simply as notches. It is be- 

 lieved that the incisurae mark the points on each lateral margin 

 where the coriae reached the margin and, therefore, limit the seg- 

 ments. In those species where the pygidial fringe is well devel- 

 oped, the full number of incisurae, five, can usually be identified, 

 but they are greatly reduced or wanting where the pygidial 

 fringe has been wholly or in great part eliminated. This is par- 

 ticularly true where the lateres are long and well developed as in 

 most species of Aspidiotini. The pygidium of those species 

 where the adult female does not escape from the last nymphal 

 exuviae, as in the species of Aonidia, the incisurae are obsolete. 

 They are named, beginning with the one on the meson between 

 the median pair of lobes as the median or first incisura, the next 

 one on each side cephalad of the median incisura and the median 



