TRIBE PARLATORIINI 247 



pregenacerores and postgenacerores, ranging from four to twenty 

 or more. In Euparlatoria viridis the pregenacerores and postgena- 

 cerores are continuous, form latagenacerores, with only a slight 

 constriction marking the division between the two groups and 

 the pygidium appears, from a cursory examination, to have only 

 two groups of genacerores, each consisting of 23 to 26 cerores. 



Species of Parlatoriini are found in all parts of the world, 

 but they are more abundant in tropical and subtropical regions. 

 In temperate regions they are able to survive only on plants 

 grown under glass. Several of the species are pests upon the 

 fruits, trees, and shrubs of cultivated tropical fruits of different 

 kinds. 



The only complete account of the species of Parlatoriini is 

 that of Leonardi: "Generi e specie di Diaspiti, saggio di siste- 

 matica delle Parlatoriae, " published in 1903. This paper is now 

 out of date since many species have been described since its pub- 

 lication. In this work two genera are recognized, Parlatoria and 

 Gymnaspis. The former genus, Parlatoria, which has ziziphi 

 Lucas as type, was divided into two subgenera, Euparlatoria for 

 which calianthina Berl. & Leon, may be taken as the type, and 

 Websteriella which has blanchardi Targ. as type. Since blan- 

 chardi and ziziphi are congeneric, Websteriella must give way to 

 the older name of Parlatoria. Apteronidia Berl., not Leonardi as 

 given in the Catalogue of Coccidae, was first suggested in 1896 

 and also has blanchardi Targ. as type. The name Euparlatoria 

 published in 1900 is antedated by Syngenaspis Sulc published in 

 1895 with parlatoriae Sulc as type. This species of Sulc and cali- 

 anthina Berl. & Leon, are congeneric. 



The species of Gymnaspis are liable to be confused with those 

 of the genus Aonidia, a genus of Aspidiotini. The second exuvia 

 or puparium in Gymnaspis is almost as large as the entire scale 

 and the first exuvia is peripheral instead of central in position. 

 In Aonidia the second exuvia or puparium is larger than is usual 

 in the scales of the Aspidiotini, but it is much smaller than those 

 of the Parlatoriini and in addition the first exuvia is central in 

 position. The practical difficulty in differentiating the two genera 

 is that the first exuvia is lost. It is apparently not firmly at- 

 tached to the scale. The presence or absence of altaceratubae in 

 the pygidium of the second nymphal female or both the second 

 and the first nymphal females needs to be recorded and this char- 

 acter used for identifying the genera of Aspidiotini that trans- 

 form in a puparium. The species of this tribe, so far as observed, 



